a33 (Millipore)

Millipore a33

Overview of the number of animals receiving a hemisection SCI which were included in cohort 1 and cohort 2 for functional and histopathological analysis based on locomotor function. The <t> A33 </t> and Gebr32a sequential treatment group was not included in cohort 2 due to the lack of additional efficacy compared to continuous PDE4D inhibition.

A33, supplied by Millipore, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
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Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews

a33 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02

90/100 stars

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selective pde4b inhibitor a33 (Tocris)

Tocris selective pde4b inhibitor a33

Selective Pde4b Inhibitor A33, supplied by Tocris, used in various techniques. Bioz Stars score: 90/100, based on 1 PubMed citations. ZERO BIAS - scores, article reviews, protocol conditions and more
https://www.bioz.com/result/selective pde4b inhibitor a33/product/Tocris
Average 90 stars, based on 1 article reviews

selective pde4b inhibitor a33 - by Bioz Stars, 2026-02

90/100 stars

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a 33 (Aladdin Scientific Corporation)

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pde4 pde4b rabbit polyclonal antibody (OriGene)

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Rabbit Polyclonal Anti PDE4B Antibody

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Image Search Results

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Overview of the number of animals receiving a hemisection SCI which were included in cohort 1 and cohort 2 for functional and histopathological analysis based on locomotor function. The A33 and Gebr32a sequential treatment group was not included in cohort 2 due to the lack of additional efficacy compared to continuous PDE4D inhibition.

Article Snippet: Starting 1 h after SCI, mice were injected twice daily s.c. for 28 days with either (1) vehicle (0.1% DMSO (VWR prolabo) + 0.5% methylcellulose + 2% Tween80), (2) the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg, Xi'an leader biochemical engineering co., LTD), (3) the PDE4B inhibitor A33 (3 mg/kg, Sigma-Aldrich), or (4) the PDE4D inhibitor Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg, University of Genoa [ ]).

Techniques: Functional Assay, Inhibition

Treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast or the PDE4D inhibitor Gebr32a improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury, whereas the PDE4B inhibitor A33 has no effect . (A–B) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, a general PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or gene-specific PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). In contrast to A33, roflumilast and Gebr32a significantly improved (A) functional outcomes, measured by the BMS score and (B) area under the curve, compared to vehicle-treated mice over time. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle). Data are displayed as mean ± SEM. n = 10–16 mice/group. #p ≤ 0.05 vehicle versus roflumilast; ∗∗p < 0.01 vehicle versus Gebr32a.

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Treatment with the PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast or the PDE4D inhibitor Gebr32a improve functional recovery after spinal cord injury, whereas the PDE4B inhibitor A33 has no effect . (A–B) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, a general PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or gene-specific PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). In contrast to A33, roflumilast and Gebr32a significantly improved (A) functional outcomes, measured by the BMS score and (B) area under the curve, compared to vehicle-treated mice over time. Data were analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with Bonferroni multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle). Data are displayed as mean ± SEM. n = 10–16 mice/group. #p ≤ 0.05 vehicle versus roflumilast; ∗∗p < 0.01 vehicle versus Gebr32a.

Techniques: Functional Assay, Comparison

Roflumilast or Gebr32a treatments reduce the lesion size and demyelinated area after spinal cord injury, whereas A33 has no effect . (A–J) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of lesion size, determined by the GFAP negative area, showed that this was reduced in mice treated with roflumilast or Gebr32a compared to the vehicle group. No difference between the vehicle and A33 groups was observed. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 7–8 mice/group. (B – E) Representative images from the spinal cord sections are shown. Lesion size (GFAP − area) was determined as depicted by the dotted white line. Scale bar = 250 μm. (F) Quantification of the demyelinated area, determined by the MBP negative area, showed that this was reduced in mice treated with roflumilast or Gebr32a compared to the vehicle group. No difference between vehicle and A33 groups was observed. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 7–8 mice/group. (G – J) Representative images from the spinal cord sections are shown. Demyelinated area (MBP − area) was determined as depicted by the dotted white line. Scale bar = 250 μm. Demyelination area and lesion size were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.005. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM.

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Roflumilast or Gebr32a treatments reduce the lesion size and demyelinated area after spinal cord injury, whereas A33 has no effect . (A–J) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of lesion size, determined by the GFAP negative area, showed that this was reduced in mice treated with roflumilast or Gebr32a compared to the vehicle group. No difference between the vehicle and A33 groups was observed. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 7–8 mice/group. (B – E) Representative images from the spinal cord sections are shown. Lesion size (GFAP − area) was determined as depicted by the dotted white line. Scale bar = 250 μm. (F) Quantification of the demyelinated area, determined by the MBP negative area, showed that this was reduced in mice treated with roflumilast or Gebr32a compared to the vehicle group. No difference between vehicle and A33 groups was observed. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 7–8 mice/group. (G – J) Representative images from the spinal cord sections are shown. Demyelinated area (MBP − area) was determined as depicted by the dotted white line. Scale bar = 250 μm. Demyelination area and lesion size were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗p < 0.05, ∗∗∗p < 0.005. Data are displayed as mean ± SEM.

Techniques: Comparison

Roflumilast and Gebr32a treatment do not affect astrogliosis after spinal cord injury, whereas A33 administration exacerbates astrocyte reactivity . (A–E) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, a pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of astrogliosis by GFAP intensity analysis showed that, in contrast to other treatment groups, A33 application exacerbated astrogliosis compared to vehicle-treated mice. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 4–6 mice/group. GFAP intensity was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test. ∗p < 0.05 A33 versus vehicle, ∗∗p < 0.01 A33 versus vehicle . (B – E) Representative images from the spinal cord sections are shown. All analyses were quantified within square areas of 100 μm × 100 μm perilesional placed as indicated in the figure, extending 600 μm rostral to 600 μm caudal from the lesion center (white line). Scale bar = 500 μm.

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Roflumilast and Gebr32a treatment do not affect astrogliosis after spinal cord injury, whereas A33 administration exacerbates astrocyte reactivity . (A–E) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, a pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of astrogliosis by GFAP intensity analysis showed that, in contrast to other treatment groups, A33 application exacerbated astrogliosis compared to vehicle-treated mice. Data are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 4–6 mice/group. GFAP intensity was analyzed using a two-way ANOVA with a Bonferroni post hoc test. ∗p < 0.05 A33 versus vehicle, ∗∗p < 0.01 A33 versus vehicle . (B – E) Representative images from the spinal cord sections are shown. All analyses were quantified within square areas of 100 μm × 100 μm perilesional placed as indicated in the figure, extending 600 μm rostral to 600 μm caudal from the lesion center (white line). Scale bar = 500 μm.

Techniques:

Roflumilast and Gebr32a treatments increase the amount of mature oligodendrocytes at the peri-lesion site after spinal cord injury . (A–E) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Using a double staining for Olig2 (oligodendrolineage marker) and CC1 (mature oligodendrocyte marker), we showed a significantly increased percentage of mature oligodendrocytes at the lesion site following PDE4 (roflumilast) and PDE4D (Gebr32a) inhibition. n = 7–8 mice/group. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. Results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.001. (B – E) Representative images of the Olig2-CC1 double staining at the lesion site. Single stainings are shown above the merged image. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Roflumilast and Gebr32a treatments increase the amount of mature oligodendrocytes at the peri-lesion site after spinal cord injury . (A–E) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Using a double staining for Olig2 (oligodendrolineage marker) and CC1 (mature oligodendrocyte marker), we showed a significantly increased percentage of mature oligodendrocytes at the lesion site following PDE4 (roflumilast) and PDE4D (Gebr32a) inhibition. n = 7–8 mice/group. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. Results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗∗p < 0.01, ∗∗∗∗p < 0.001. (B – E) Representative images of the Olig2-CC1 double staining at the lesion site. Single stainings are shown above the merged image. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Techniques: Double Staining, Marker, Inhibition, Comparison

Roflumilast and Gebr32a treatment act neuroprotective at the lesion site after spinal cord injury . (A–E) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of the number of Cleaved Caspase 3 + NeuN + neurons at the (peri)lesion site indicated a neuroprotective effect of both PDE4 and PDE4D inhibition as reduced neuronal apoptosis was observed. n = 7–8 mice/group. Data are normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. Results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗∗∗p < 0.005. (B – E) Representative images of the Cleaved Caspase 3 NeuN staining at the lesion site. Single stainings are shown above the merged image. The white boxed regions are shown at higher magnification (40×) underneath the merged image. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Roflumilast and Gebr32a treatment act neuroprotective at the lesion site after spinal cord injury . (A–E) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-selective PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of the number of Cleaved Caspase 3 + NeuN + neurons at the (peri)lesion site indicated a neuroprotective effect of both PDE4 and PDE4D inhibition as reduced neuronal apoptosis was observed. n = 7–8 mice/group. Data are normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. Results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗∗∗p < 0.005. (B – E) Representative images of the Cleaved Caspase 3 NeuN staining at the lesion site. Single stainings are shown above the merged image. The white boxed regions are shown at higher magnification (40×) underneath the merged image. Scale bar = 100 μm.

Techniques: Inhibition, Comparison, Staining

Roflumilast and Gebr32a induce 5-HT serotonergic regrowth following SCI as indicated by the increased number of descending 5-HT tracts over the lesion site . (A–B) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-specific PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of the 5-HT serotonergic staining showed an increase in the number (A) of descending 5-HT tracts over the SCI lesion site upon PDE4 (roflumilast) and PDE4D (Gebr32a) inhibition. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 4–9 mice/group. (B) Representative images of the 5-HT staining at the lesion site. The white arrows indicate examples of 5-HT descending tracts. Results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗∗∗p < 0.005.

Journal: Neurotherapeutics

Article Title: Amelioration of functional and histopathological consequences after spinal cord injury through phosphodiesterase 4D (PDE4D) inhibition

doi: 10.1016/j.neurot.2024.e00372

Figure Lengend Snippet: Roflumilast and Gebr32a induce 5-HT serotonergic regrowth following SCI as indicated by the increased number of descending 5-HT tracts over the lesion site . (A–B) Starting 1 h after injury, mice were treated with vehicle, the pan PDE4 inhibitor roflumilast (3 mg/kg), or the subtype-specific PDE4 inhibitors, A33 (3 mg/kg) and Gebr32a (0.3 mg/kg). (A) Quantification of the 5-HT serotonergic staining showed an increase in the number (A) of descending 5-HT tracts over the SCI lesion site upon PDE4 (roflumilast) and PDE4D (Gebr32a) inhibition. Data were normalized to vehicle and are shown as mean ± SEM. n = 4–9 mice/group. (B) Representative images of the 5-HT staining at the lesion site. The white arrows indicate examples of 5-HT descending tracts. Results were analyzed using a one-way ANOVA with Dunnett's multiple comparison test (compared to vehicle), ∗∗∗p < 0.005.

Techniques: Staining, Inhibition, Comparison

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